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**Logic is a tool of chance, not of certainty**
Deduction and induction do not guarantee truth—they are merely guides for new experiments. Reality has often contradicted theories: things that logic said were impossible have happened, and things that should have happened never came to pass.
Even in mathematics itself: infinitesimal calculus was considered wrong because it was paradoxical and was only accepted after its usefulness was discovered and formalized. As Von Neumann said: "In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them."
True human knowledge is NOT based on understanding, but rather on the mere collection of specific observations of reality.
If reality contradicts the conclusions of logical deduction and induction, why do we use theories we know to be wrong? Why do we use Newtonian equations if they are inaccurate? The answer is that humans use cognitive models that are reasonably useful for achieving a given goal, and this often means that the model may even be completely wrong in what it purports to describe reality but still serve a social purpose, as is the case with many religions.
Sometimes, a person perceives something in the real world that doesn't match their theoretical expectations—whether in science, religion, or any system of ideas. And we observe that this same person tends to distort the facts to pretend the theory still makes sense through a "new interpretation" of what the system of ideas communicated/meant, or by attempting to rewrite the observed facts.
Deduction and induction do not guarantee truth—they are merely guides for new experiments. Reality has often contradicted theories: things that logic said were impossible have happened, and things that should have happened never came to pass.
Even in mathematics itself: infinitesimal calculus was considered wrong because it was paradoxical and was only accepted after its usefulness was discovered and formalized. As Von Neumann said: "In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them."
True human knowledge is NOT based on understanding, but rather on the mere collection of specific observations of reality.
If reality contradicts the conclusions of logical deduction and induction, why do we use theories we know to be wrong? Why do we use Newtonian equations if they are inaccurate? The answer is that humans use cognitive models that are reasonably useful for achieving a given goal, and this often means that the model may even be completely wrong in what it purports to describe reality but still serve a social purpose, as is the case with many religions.
Sometimes, a person perceives something in the real world that doesn't match their theoretical expectations—whether in science, religion, or any system of ideas. And we observe that this same person tends to distort the facts to pretend the theory still makes sense through a "new interpretation" of what the system of ideas communicated/meant, or by attempting to rewrite the observed facts.