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Nickel


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Nickel (disambiguation).
Lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
28
group 10
period 4
d-block
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
solid
1728 K (1455 °C, 2651 °F)
3003 K (2730 °C, 4946 °F)
8.907 g/cm3 [3]
7.81 g/cm3
17.48 kJ/mol
379 kJ/mol
26.07 J/(mol·K)
444.176 J/(kg·K)
common: +2
−2,[4] −1,[8] 0,[5] +1,[6] +3,[8] +4[7]
Pauling scale: 1.91
  • 1st: 737.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1753.0 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3395 kJ/mol
  • (more)
empirical: 124 pm
124±4 pm
163 pm
primordial
face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for nickel
a = 352.41 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
12.83×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3]
90.9 W/(m⋅K)
69.3 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
ferromagnetic
200 GPa
76 GPa
180 GPa
4900 m/s (at r.t.)
0.31
4.0
638 MPa
667–1600 MPa
7440-02-0
after Nickel, a mischievous mine spirit in German mythology
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
Nickel, 28Ni
[td]
A pitted and lumpy piece of nickel, with the top surface cut flat

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[th]
Nickel

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Appearance

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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ni)

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Nickel in the periodic table

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Hydrogen

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Helium

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Lithium

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Beryllium

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Boron

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Carbon

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Nitrogen

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Oxygen

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Fluorine

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Neon

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Sodium

[/td][td]
Magnesium

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Aluminium

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Silicon

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Phosphorus

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Sulfur

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Chlorine

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Argon

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Potassium

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Calcium

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Scandium

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Titanium

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Vanadium

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Chromium

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Manganese

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Iron

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Cobalt

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Nickel

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Copper

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Zinc

[/td][td]
Gallium

[/td][td]
Germanium

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Arsenic

[/td][td]
Selenium

[/td][td]
Bromine

[/td][td]
Krypton

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Rubidium

[/td][td]
Strontium

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Yttrium

[/td][td]
Zirconium

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Niobium

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Molybdenum

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Technetium

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Ruthenium

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Rhodium

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Palladium

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Silver

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Cadmium

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Indium

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Tin

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Antimony

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Tellurium

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Iodine

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Xenon

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Caesium

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Barium

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Lanthanum

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Cerium

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Praseodymium

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Neodymium

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Promethium

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Samarium

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Europium

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Gadolinium

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Terbium

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Dysprosium

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Holmium

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Erbium

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Thulium

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Ytterbium

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Lutetium

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Hafnium

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Tantalum

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Tungsten

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Rhenium

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Osmium

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Iridium

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Platinum

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Gold

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Mercury (element)

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Thallium

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Lead

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Bismuth

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Polonium

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Astatine

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Radon

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Francium

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Radium

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Actinium

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Thorium

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Protactinium

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Uranium

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Neptunium

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Plutonium

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Americium

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Curium

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Berkelium

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Californium

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Einsteinium

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Fermium

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Mendelevium

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Nobelium

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Lawrencium

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Rutherfordium

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Dubnium

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Seaborgium

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Bohrium

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Hassium

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Meitnerium

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Darmstadtium

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Roentgenium

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Copernicium

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Nihonium

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Flerovium

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Moscovium

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Livermorium

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Tennessine

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Oganesson

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Ni

Pd
cobaltnickelcopper


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Atomic number (Z)

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Group

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Period

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Block

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Electron configuration

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Electrons per shell

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Physical properties

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Phase at STP

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Melting point

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Boiling point

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Density (at 20° C)

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when liquid (at m.p.)

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Heat of fusion

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Heat of vaporization

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Molar heat capacity

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Specific heat capacity

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Vapor pressure

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P (Pa)

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1

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10

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100

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1 k

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10 k

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100 k

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at T (K)

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[td]
1783

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1950

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2154

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2410

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2741

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3184

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Atomic properties

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Oxidation states

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Electronegativity

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Ionization energies

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Atomic radius

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Covalent radius

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Van der Waals radius

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Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of nickel

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Other properties

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Natural occurrence

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Crystal structure

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Lattice constant

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Thermal expansion

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Thermal conductivity

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Electrical resistivity

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Magnetic ordering

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Young's modulus

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Shear modulus

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Bulk modulus

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Speed of sound thin rod

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Poisson ratio

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Mohs hardness

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Vickers hardness

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Brinell hardness

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CAS Number

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History

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Naming

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Discovery and first isolation

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[/th]​
[td]
synth
synth
trace
synth

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Main isotopes[9]

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Decay

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Isotope

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abundance

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half-life (t1/2)

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mode

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product

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[th]
56Ni

[/th]​
[td]
6.075 d

[/td]​
[td]

β+


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56Co

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57Ni

[/th]​
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35.60 h

[/td]​
[td]

β+


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57Co

[/td]​
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58Ni

[/th]​
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68.1%

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[td]
stable

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[th]
59Ni

[/th]​
[td]
8.1×104 y

[/td]​
[td]

ε


[/td]​
[td]
59Co

[/td]​
[th]
60Ni

[/th]​
[td]
26.2%

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[td]
stable

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61Ni

[/th]​
[td]
1.14%

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stable

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62Ni

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3.63%

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stable

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63Ni

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101 y

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β−


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63Cu

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64Ni

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0.926%

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[td]
stable

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[td]
20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png
Category: Nickel

| references

[/td]​


Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive, but large pieces are slow to react with air under standard conditions because a passivation layer of nickel oxide that prevents further corrosion forms on the surface. Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks,[10][11] and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere.
read every molecule bro thanks
 

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