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Guide Guide to the Facial Bones

Determinism

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The human skull is made up of 22 bones, 14 of them make up the face. These bones give shape to the face, protect sensory organs, and anchor muscles that allow for chewing, speaking, and expression.



How Facial Bones Shape Appearance:

Overall facial shape
- Oval, round, heart-shaped, square
- Based mostly on mandible and zygomatic structure

Profile
- Maxilla and mandible projection
- Nasal bone height
- Forehead slope

Eye shape
- Orbit size and orientation
- Lacrimal bone and zygomatic position

Nose structure
- Nasal bones + cartilage shape

Cheek fullness and contour
- Zygomatic bones + soft tissue



Below is a breakdown of each major facial bone.

Mandible (Lower Jaw)

Where it is: The lower jaw bone; the only movable bone in the skull.

640px-Mandible_anterior.png
Mandible_bone_-_animation_02.gif


What it determines:
- Jawline Shape
- Chin projection
- Lower facial height
- Bite/occlusion (how teeth meet)


Maxilla (Upper Jaw)

Where it is: Forms the upper jaw, part of the cheeks, nasal cavity, and hard palate.
640px-Maxilla_anterior.png
Maxilla_-_animation_02.gif


What it determines:
- Midface projection
- Cheek contour
- Upper lip support
- Nasal base shape
- Tooth alignment and smile aesthetics


Zygomatic Bones (Cheekbones)

Where they are: Lateral upper cheeks, connecting to maxilla, temporal bone, and frontal bone.
640px-Zygomatic_bone_anterior.png
Zygomatic_bone_-_animation_02.gif


What they determine:
- Cheekbone prominence
- Facial width
- High/low cheekbone appearance
- "Model-esque" angular contour


Nasal Bones

Where they are: Two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.
640px-Nasal_bone_anterior.png
640px-Nasal_bone_-_animation_02.gif


What they determine:
- Height and shape of the nasal bridge
- Nose profile (flat, high, straight)
- Structural support for the upper nose


Lacrimal Bones

Where they are: Tiny bones forming part of the inner eye socket near the tear ducts.
640px-Lacrimal_bone_-_lateral_view2.png
640px-Lacrimal_bone_-_animation_02.gif


What they determine:
- Tear duct location
- Depth of the inner eye corner
- Affects eye shape subtly


Palatine Bones

Where they are: Behind the maxilla, forming part of the hard palate and nasal cavity.
640px-Palatine_process_of_maxilla_-_skull_-_posterior_view.png
640px-Palatine_bone_-_animation_02.gif


What they determine:
- Palate shape
- Nasal cavity width
- Speech resonance and airway structure


Inferior Nasal Conchae

Where they are: Curved bones inside the nasal cavity on each side.
640px-Inferior_nasal_concha_-_animation_02.gif


What they determine:
- Airflow efficiency
- Humidification of inhaled air
- Minimal influence on external appearance


Vomer

Where it is: Thin bone forming the lower part of the nasal septum.
640px-Vomer_-_animation_02.gif


What it determines:
- Nasal septal alignment
- Whether the nose deviates to one side
- Nasal airflow


Frontal Bone

Where it is: Technically part of the cranial vault, but visibly facial.
640px-Frontal_bone_anterior.png
640px-Frontal_bone_-_animation_02.gif


What it determines:
- Forehead slope and height
- Brow ridge prominence
- Upper facial contour


Temporal Bones

Where they are: Forms the temple areas.
640px-Temporal_bone_lateral4.png
640px-Temporal_bone_-_animation_02.gif


What they determine:
- Side-of-head contour
- Cheekbone extensions


Bone
Location
Main Appearance Roles
Mandible
Lower jaw
Jawline, chin shape
Maxilla
Upper jaw
Midface projection, smile, nasal base
Zygomatic
Cheekbones
Facial width, cheek contour
Nasal bones
Nose bridge
Shape/profile of nose
Lacrimal
Inner eye socket
Subtle influence on eye shape
Palatine
Hard palate
Effects speech, airway
Inferior nasal conchae
Inside nose
Airflow
Vomer
Nasal septum
Nose deviation, airflow
Frontal
Forehead
Brow slope, upper face shape
Temporal
Temples
Side contour of skull



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