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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3157209/
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa040933
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2717722/
Description
Myostatin is a part of the TGFβ family which acts a ¨brake¨ to muscle hypertrophy by binding to the activin type II receptor resulting in the recruitment of Alk-3 or Alk-4, which then goes on to start a cell signalling cascade in the muscle that inhibits myoblasts (what builds muscle)
Tldr its what causes your muscles to slow down or stop growing, so in theory inhibiting it could lead essentially no limit to muscle growth.
Effects
The following results was taken from a study on a German male child with a myostatin deficiency.
The image shows the child's muscles (On the left) compared to a control group of children.
His muscles were a staggering 7.2 standard deviations above the mean for 10 year old boys (6.72 cm² compared to ~3.1 cm²)
The thickness of his subcutaneous fat pad was also 2.88 standard deviations below the mean.
Overall this is huge evidence towards myostatin inhibition leading to muscle growth.
The following study was done on mice, not humans.(Sorry if this part is kinda low iq I don't fully understand how the mice got their myostatin inhibited but I know its through Follistatin)
The mice were genetically engineered to overproduce, or inhibit myostatin to observe the muscle effects.
As you can see, the mice under Follistatin have the biggest muscles by far, but why is this?
Follastatin
Follastatin is an activin binding protein that's primary function is binding members of the TGFβ family, especially activins. What's important about this chemical is that it binds myostatin, the muscle growth inhibitor. It does so by forming a protein complex with myostatin, preventing it from binding to receptors, particularly activin type IIB and IIA.
This takes the ¨Brake¨ off muscle growth, theoretically leading to much higher gains.
So follastatin is what will inhibit our myostatin but what are the side effects?
Side Affects:
Tendon/joint damage: The increased muscle growth caused by inhibiting myostatin leads to the muscles getting much stronger than your joints and tendons, which can cause pain and increase risk of injury while working out
Small decreases in LDL cholesterol
Reproductive affects: Due to follastin inhibiting FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) it has risks of changing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and damaging reproductive health.
Heart risks:
A chronic increase of follastin is linked to negative cardiac changes, stiffening of heart tissue, and left ventricular mass expansion.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3548325/
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833442/
If there was anything wrong with this or you have more information you would like to add please tell me.
@Luffy @giga.mia @Orka @ecoli @genio @Angel
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa040933
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2717722/
Description
Myostatin is a part of the TGFβ family which acts a ¨brake¨ to muscle hypertrophy by binding to the activin type II receptor resulting in the recruitment of Alk-3 or Alk-4, which then goes on to start a cell signalling cascade in the muscle that inhibits myoblasts (what builds muscle)
Tldr its what causes your muscles to slow down or stop growing, so in theory inhibiting it could lead essentially no limit to muscle growth.
Effects
The following results was taken from a study on a German male child with a myostatin deficiency.
The image shows the child's muscles (On the left) compared to a control group of children.
His muscles were a staggering 7.2 standard deviations above the mean for 10 year old boys (6.72 cm² compared to ~3.1 cm²)
The thickness of his subcutaneous fat pad was also 2.88 standard deviations below the mean.
Overall this is huge evidence towards myostatin inhibition leading to muscle growth.
The following study was done on mice, not humans.(Sorry if this part is kinda low iq I don't fully understand how the mice got their myostatin inhibited but I know its through Follistatin)
The mice were genetically engineered to overproduce, or inhibit myostatin to observe the muscle effects.
Follastatin
Follastatin is an activin binding protein that's primary function is binding members of the TGFβ family, especially activins. What's important about this chemical is that it binds myostatin, the muscle growth inhibitor. It does so by forming a protein complex with myostatin, preventing it from binding to receptors, particularly activin type IIB and IIA.
This takes the ¨Brake¨ off muscle growth, theoretically leading to much higher gains.
So follastatin is what will inhibit our myostatin but what are the side effects?
Side Affects:
Tendon/joint damage: The increased muscle growth caused by inhibiting myostatin leads to the muscles getting much stronger than your joints and tendons, which can cause pain and increase risk of injury while working out
Small decreases in LDL cholesterol
Reproductive affects: Due to follastin inhibiting FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) it has risks of changing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and damaging reproductive health.
Heart risks:
A chronic increase of follastin is linked to negative cardiac changes, stiffening of heart tissue, and left ventricular mass expansion.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3548325/
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12833442/
If there was anything wrong with this or you have more information you would like to add please tell me.
@Luffy @giga.mia @Orka @ecoli @genio @Angel